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Guy A. Boy, PR Human Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA, Co-head of the joint research lab on Risk Management in Life Critical Systems between HCDi-FIT Melbourne and LAMIH-UVHC Valenciennes. |
Risk, possibility, necessity, abduction and action principle |
| Oliver Carsten, PR University of Leeds, UK | Safe-driving and eco-driving, equivalent or not? How to address safety concerns in designing a green driving support system ? |
| Etienne Cousein, Head of Pharmacy Medication Department, Valenciennes' General Hospital, France | Understanding and managing the risks associated to medication management in healthcare organisations |
| Lahcen El Hiki, PhD, Coordinator of the Research Institute for the Science and management of Risks, University of Mons, Belgium | Safety and risk management in hospitals: toward an integrative approach |
| Pedro Ferreira PR at Lusófona University of Lisbonne, Portugal | Resilience in supply chain management |
| Frank Flemisch, PR RWTH Aachen University and at the Fraunhofer FKIE institute near Bonn, Germany & Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine, Research Engineer, LAMIH, University of Valenciennes, France | Risk management and automation: Human machine cooperation in cars and aircraft |
| Denis Huneau: Ingénieur général des Ponts des Eaux et Forêts, Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, France | How much safety prevents innovation in the railway industry ? |
| Makoto Itoh, PR University of Tsukuba, Japan | Toward a resilient railways with safety management system |
| Christian Maquaire: Director of Innovation, Research & Development at IRT Railenium, Valenciennes, France | Pragmatic lessons from a risk management experience in industry |
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Patrick Millot, PR, LAMIH-CNRS-University of Valenciennes, France, Co-head of the joint research lab on Risk Management in Life Critical Systems between HCDi-FIT Melbourne and LAMIH-UVHC Valenciennes. |
Collective Situation Awareness, an attempt for Risk management |
| Céline Muehlethaler, Senior Lecturer for Human Factors, Centre for Aviation, School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland | Pilot Situation Awareness Training using Eye Tracking |
| Marie Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine, Research Engineer, LAMIH, University of Valenciennes, France, Eric Mareschi, Chief Fire-fighter, SDIS 59, France. | Individual and collective adaptation to situation emergency and complexity: a Human-Machine Cooperation approach |
| Walter Schön, PR, UTC, Technical University of Compiègne, France | Safety and security of modern railway systems |
| Lucas Stephane, PR at the Human Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne FL, USA, Michael J. Gunn, President of 3-Space Inc. Indialantic, FL, USA | 3D Reality Computing and Information Architecture for Improved Risk Awareness in Space, Transportation and Energy |
| Armand Toubol, Honorary General Manager at SNCF, delegated for freight, France | Safety: automated protection or personal involvement? A glance from a personal experience |
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Frederic Vanderhaegen, PR, LAMIH-CNRS-University of Valenciennes, France, Head of GDRi HAMASYTI, President of IFAC TC 4.5 |
Human-centered automation of autonomy applied to system resilience |
| Xianyi Zeng, PR, Ludovic Koehl & Guillaume Tartare , PR, GEMTEX Laboratory, the ENSAIT Textile Institute, Roubaix, France | Development of an Intelligent Clothing system for Risk Management - applications to fire fighting |
Risk, possibility, necessity, abduction and action principle
Guy A. Boy, PR Human Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA,
Co-head of the joint research lab on Risk Management in Life Critical Systems between HCDi-FIT Melbourne and LAMIH-UVHC Valenciennes.
Abstract: The notion of risk has been studied by a lot of engineers to better anticipate technical failures of machines that they build. Risk is most often calculated as the product of the probability of occurrence of an event likely leading to a degradation by the severity of the consequences of this degradation. As long as the probability remains ‘reasonable’, this kind of risk calculation approach works very well. However, when the probability tends to zero, i.e., probability is very small in practice, and consequence severity is very big (tends toward infinity), risk calculation become impossible because the mathematical product becomes undetermined. In all these cases, a different approach is necessary, for example, taking into account event possibility and necessity, and no longer its probability. Professional risk takers learn various characteristics of such cases to better anticipate them. They build exploration strategies, action principles and recovery spaces. In all cases, they try to construct the best situation awareness of the risky situation. They build observation heuristics to get the best situation awareness that enables them to act. In fact, they use an inference process of abduction that consists in a projection into possible futures and choose the best operational strategy. It is obvious that this type of approach requires specific skills that will be described in this paper, and a massive amount of training. Risk management in life-critical systems requires skills, experience, boldness, discipline and availability. All these concepts will be presented, articulated and discussed using examples chosen in the real world.
Guy A. Boy, Ph.D., is University Professor and Director of the Human-Centered Design Institute and Ph.D. & Master’s Programs at the Florida Institute of Technology, IPA Chief Scientist for Human-Centered Design at NASA Kennedy Space Center and a Senior Research Scientist at the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC). He is member of the Scientific Committee of the SESAR program (Single European Sky for Air Traffic Management Research – “European NextGen”). He was the Chair of the 2012 ISU (International Space University) SSP (Space Studies Program) FIT/NASA-KSC local organizing committee. He is Adjunct Professor at the École Polytechnique in Paris (Comasic Master). He was the President and Chief Scientist of the European Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Engineering (EURISCO). He co-founded EURISCO in 1992, and managed it since its creation to its closing in 2008. Engineer and cognitive scientist, he received his Masters and Doctorate from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO: The French Aerospace Institute of Technology), his Professorship Habilitation (HDR) from Pierre and Marie Curie’s University (Paris VI), and his Full Professorship Qualifications in Computer Science and Psychology. Boy actively participated to the introduction of cognitive engineering in France and its development worldwide. He was the co-founder in 2004 of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique (ENSC), a cognitive engineering program at the University of Bordeaux. He is the editor the French handbook of cognitive engineering, and the Handbook of Human-Machine Interaction (Ashgate, UK) in 2011. His most recent book is Orchestrating Human- Centered Design (Springer, UK, 2013). Fellow of the Air and Space Academy, he is a senior member of the ACM (Executive Vice-Chair of ACM-SIGCHI from 1995 to 1999) and INCOSE.
Safe-driving and eco-driving, equivalent or not? How to address safety concerns in designing a green driving support system ?
Oliver Carsten, PR University of Leeds, UK
Abstract: Road transport is very different from other transport domains and other automation domains in that, in the case of driving, private vehicles predominate. A calm and forward planning are encouraged for both safe driving and green driving. However there may be situations in which saving energy and reducing risk are in conflict. A number of such situations are identified. How such conflicts were addressed in the design solutions adopted by the European ecoDriver is addressed.
Oliver Carsten is Professor of Transport Safety at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds. His major research focus is on driver interaction and safety with new driver support systems. He led the UK national project on Intelligent Speed Adaptation and chairs the Road Behaviour Working Party of PACTS, the Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety. He has provided advice on safety policy to the UK Department for Transport and the European Transport Safety Council.
Understanding and managing the risks associated to medication management in healthcare organisations
Etienne Cousein, Head of Pharmacy Medication Department, Valenciennes' General Hospital, France
Abstract: Healthcare organisations have to manage complex processes under multiples constraints. Social, regulatory and technical evolutions are a constant call for reshuffle. However, structural complexities make it difficult for healthcare organisations to adapt rapidly and efficiently. Constraints applied to rigid systems lead to tensions, but when applied to medication management they lead to errors. Humans make mistakes, and so do physicians, pharmacists, nurses and hospitals directors. Yet, it is of primary importance to analyse these mistakes by taking into account the particular healthcare environment.
Medication management, given its ubiquity and complexity, offers a wealth of learning opportunities when it comes to study healthcare organisations. The purpose of this lecture will be to highlight the human factor in the medication management process in healthcare organisations, and to provide feedback on different solutions rolled out at the Valenciennes’ General Hospital.
Etienne Cousein is in charge of the medication department in the pharmacy of the Valenciennes’ General Hospital since 2011 where he has implemented an automated medication system associating unit dose dispensing systems and automated dispensing cabinets. He also works in the field of computerized order entry. After completing a PharmD and a residency in hospital and healthcare pharmacy in 2007, he obtained a PhD in clinical pharmacy in 2014 at the University of law and health of Lille 2. In the Valenciennes’ General Hospital, he is vice-Chief Medical Informatics Officer, and behind the medication error feedback comity that he has led from 2010 to 2015. Etienne COUSEIN belongs to the board of Thesorimed strategic comity, the French national drug database. He is also a member of the UniHA expert group dedicated to medication automated dispensing systems.
Safety and risk management in hospitals: toward an integrative approach
Lahcen El Hiki, PhD, Coordinator of the Research Institute for the Science and management of Risks, University of Mons, Belgium
Abstract: Called To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, the November 1999 report of the Institute of Medicine estimated that medical errors result between 44,000 and 98,000 preventable deaths each year in U.S. hospitals. Since then, hospital managers became aware of the rational risks management issues. In this perspective, the 2000s saw the development of a set of the risk management tools in hospital organizations. Oscillating between the legal vigilances and the clinical specificities of care, those tools integrate nowadays the hospital's organizational complexity and the human factor. On risk management perspectives, several analytical models are developed. These models incorporate qualitative approaches or quantitative ones. In the same vein, the national accreditation initiatives reveal new issues related to sustainability and to human appropriation of these approaches. In light of this introduction, the main aim and objective of this lecture is to emphasize the scientific developments on dynamics of the hospital security management system especially the risk information system, the incident analysis tools, and the modelling of the safety barrier in critical processes as the operating theater.
Lahcen El Hiki is currently Coordinator of the Research Institute for the Science and Management of Risks at University of Mons (Belgium). He received a PhD in Industrial and Human Automation control and Computer Science in 2007 from University of Valenciennes. His research focuses on organizational risk modelling in complex sociotechnical system, the maturity assessment of the safety barriers in critical process and the reengineering of organizational process based on the risk analysis. He is supervisor of five PhD students in risk modeling within the drug process, the operating room and the emergencies. He supervises several research contracts with Belgian hospitals. He is responsible for the specialized master in the management of risk in hospital at the University of Mons. He is expert with the Federal Ministry of Public Health (Belgium) in the deployment of the Patient Safety multiannual program (2013-2017).
Resilience in supply chain management
Pedro Ferreira PR at Lusófona University of Lisbonne, Portugal
Abstract: Within most industrial domains, supply chains are today faced with the challenge of bringing together under a common goal (responding to customer demand) numerous stakeholders, with often mismatching business needs and objectives. Yet, as business competitiveness increases and resources scarcity intensifies, the streamlining of supply chains becomes crucial for the survival of many organizations, whilst having to deal with more direct impacts on the safety and efficiency of operations.
Understanding system interdependencies and their dynamics is recognised as a fundamental step towards enhanced resilience. Many critical interdependencies within socio-technical systems can be traced back to supply chain relations, thus providing a useful framework for enhancing sources of resilience.
Based on the perspective provided by the domain of resilience engineering, insight is given on the implications and benefits of resilience principles for supply chain management, whilst highlighting planning as the core activity within any supply chain. Issues related to highly distributed decision making processes and the synchronisation of activities will be discussed.
Pedro Ferreira holds a PhD in “Manufacturing Engineering and Operations Management” by the University of Nottingham. His thesis (Resilience in rail engineering planning) addressed human factors and safety issues, as well as the impacts of complexity within the planning and delivery of rail engineering work based on a resilience engineering framework. He has over 10 years of experience, both as a researcher and a consultant in the field of human factors and ergonomics, and over 5 years in the field of occupational health and safety at work and safety management. He has lectured several courses on these subjects within academia, and has worked as a vocational trainer with both private and public institutions.
He developed projects on a wide variety of industrial sectors, starting in the automotive industry during earlier years and more recently, within the railway and road transport sectors. Particularly within the railway, he worked for 3 years at Network Rail in London and more recently, he cooperated with the Portuguese Government as an advisor on rail issues for the Secretary of State for Transport. Along with his research at DREAMS (Development and Research in Environment, Applied Management and Space), he is currently the director of the undergraduate programme in “occupational safety engineering” at the ISLA Santarém, where he lectures on several related subjects. He is also invited professor at the Department of Aeronautics and Transport of the Lusófona University (ULHT).
Risk management and automation: Human machine cooperation in cars and aircraft
Frank Flemisch & Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine (LAMIH, see below)
Frank Flemisch, PR RWTH Aachen University and at the Fraunhofer FKIE institute near Bonn, Germany
Abstract: Over the last centuries we have experienced scientific, technological and societal progress that enabled the creation of intelligent assisted and automated machines with increasing abilities, and require a conscious distribution of roles and control between humans and machines. Machines can be more than either automated or manually controlled, but can be engaged with the human in a hopefully beneficial cooperation. The design of machines and its cooperation with humans can be requested and managed with different objectives and points of view, but it must be guided by strong methodological approaches in order to really respect Human-centered and use-oriented, balanced design principles. Many Human-Machine Systems (HMS) design and evaluation methods already exist but sometimes they focus on technical or local part of a process without taking into account socio-technical impacts in the global process. Sometimes they aim at modifying global objectives without taking into account impacts on all the sub-parts of the process.
Our objective is to provide methodological tools like models to support HMS design as well as experimental approaches for the HMS evaluation in order to cope with the real needs Human operator can have concerning new objectives or to be ready when unforeseen events disturb the process or the environment. Models stemming from the H(orse)-methaphor and Human-Machine Cooperation principles, will be firstly presented in order to propose a framework and criteria to design safe, efficient, ecological and attractive systems. Secondly, we will focus on evaluation aspects providing some supports to define experimental protocols and environments, and to conduct data processing. The methodological approach is explained and exemplified in car and aircraft domains.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Ole Flemisch started as an aerospace engineer with a specialization in systems engineering and system dynamics. After a couple of years in the management and training of safety critical systems in the German Airforce, he did his Ph.D. in Human Factors Engineering for Assistance and Automation at the University of German Armed Forces in Munich. From 2001 to 2004 he pursued a NRC associateship on haptic-multimodal interaction with unmanned flying vehicles at NASA, Langley, USA. Transferring this work into the field of ground vehicles, he built up and led a research group for System Ergonomics & Design at the German Aerospace Center DLR, initiating and leading German and European projects on automotive assistant and automation systems, and served as the lead of a national standardization group and a technical expert in ISO TC204. Beyond the work on assistance and automation he also engaged in research on fundamental questions concerning design and development processes. Since 2011, he is head of the Department for System ergonomics / Human Systems Integration at the Fraunhofer FKIE institute near Bonn, Germany, and Professor for Human Systems Integration at the RWTH Aachen University, Germany. He is also representing Germany in the STO-HFM Human Factors and Medicine Panel, the scientific advisory body of NATO.
How much safety prevents innovation in the railway industry ?
Denis Huneau: Ingénieur général des Ponts des Eaux et Forêts, Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, France
Abstract: Despite undeniable technological achievements the railway industry has still numerous archaic aspects in many European countries. The development of new tools and new methods will always look longer and more difficult - especially when dealing with IT - than in other transport industries.
The railway sector is historically steeped in culture of safety and requirement for a high level of safety according to the regulatory framework is often presented to explain this difficulty to innovate. On the other hand, it seems that methods used for risk management in real organizations are far behind the state of scientific knowledge on the matter and are no longer suitable for dealing with many current safety issues, especially when changes involve "soft sciences" such as human factors or software. That may explain this difficulty to implement day-to-day innovations.
In this lecture I will discuss how more rational approaches to risk management should facilitate innovation in rail sector, on the basis of some concrete situations.
Denis Huneau is a graduated engineer of Ecole Polytechnique (1979), and of the national Corpse of Ponts et Chaussées (1985). Currently he is senior official (Ingénieur général des ponts, des eaux et des forêts) in the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. He has a comprehensive professional experience in the field of public transportation. He had successive charges in the transportation area: since 1985 to 1988 he was Official of the French Ministry of Equipement in the Aube Department in charge of road planning and construction, and water police; since 1988 to 1997 he has been Project Manager then Technical Director and Deputy Director-General in Semaly - now EGIS Rail - in charge of the engineering of numerous public transport projects, including the very first french unmanned metro line fully software controlled (D Line Lyons, 1992) and many LRT lines; since 1997 to 2000 he was Director of new infrastructure projects in the Paris area in Réseau Ferré de France (French railway Infrastructure Manager) and since 2001 to 2003, Director of Development in charge of projects for Public Transport Authority in Lyons area; since 2003 to 2010 - Deputy then Assistant Director in the central administration of the Ministry of Transport in charge of economic and safety regulation for rail and public transport and since 2011 to 2014 - Director-General of the French national railway safety authority (EPSF) ).
Toward a resilient railways with safety management system
Makoto Itoh, PR University of Tsukuba, Japan
Abstract: In Japan, there was a serious railway crash, resulting in more than 100 fatalities, occurred in 2005. After the crash, the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) established a framework of safety management systems that covers all modes of transport. It is now mandatory for major transport companies to introduce a safety management system. The safety management system framework has been effective in reducing the risks of transport accidents. After the great earthquake in 2011, however, people want railway organizations to be resilient against catastrophic disasters. It is still unclear whether the conventional safety management system framework is effective in enhancing the organization’s resiliency. The safety management system framework has to be improved by taking the viewpoint of resilience engineering into account. On the other hand, it seems to me that so-called resilience engineering approach has not been established enough to be really useful in the real organizations. In this talk, I will discuss how the resilience engineering and safety management system approaches could be integrated.
Makoto Itoh received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Tsukuba in 1993, 1995, and 1999, respectively. He was a research associate at the University of Tsukuba from 1996 to 1998, and at the University of Electro-Communications from 1998 to 2002. In 2002, he returned to the University of Tsukuba, where he has been a full professor since 2013. He was a one-month visiting professor at the University of Valenciennes in 2011 and 2012. His research interests include safety and risk management, design and analysis of driver assistance systems, trust and overtrust in automation, decision making under uncertainty, and driver monitoring techniques. Dr. Itoh is a member of societies such as IEEE, HFES, SICE (Society of Instrument and Control Engineers), JSAE (Society of Automobile Engineers of Japan), and JSQC (Japanese Society of Quality Control). He has been serving as a domestic board member of ISO/TC 241 Road traffic safety management systems. He is the chairperson of the technical committee on human factors in automobile of JSAE.
Pragmatic lessons from a risk management experience in industry
Christian Maquaire: Director of Innovation, Research & Development at IRT Railenium, Valenciennes, France
Abstract: The first part of the talk deals with a strategy to reach the best control of Risk Management. The process used should make anyone conscious of the necessity to know who does what in usual situation and in particular in crisis management. The organization should enable the Crisis Director to take time to analyze the situation in order to make the most suitable decisions at T0. With the proper organization, the Crisis Director is always informed where and who is involved and what is his expertise. He may get in touch with any of these persons anytime. On the contrary, he cannot receive any direct call. The EUROTUNNEL Operational headquarter localization is designed in this aim, and all the requested data supporting tools for management are gathered in a small room. The crisis Director has to be permanently informed of the keys events: it is essential for his decisions and for the feedback.
A second important issue deals with training and practice. Any transport system by its complexity requires training and practice to anyone in order to get a good running and management. The Executive manager of the transport company is the only person habilitated to name the members of the management team able to play the role of Crisis Director. He is also in charge of organizing exercises in real conditions to validate his selected « Crisis Director » (« Binat » exercise at Eurotunnel). The executive manager has to make sure that some department chiefs are available and efficient in their supporting role as a general rule and in particular in crisis situation; each person involved has to play his role without previous notice when it is required.
Christian Maquaire, is engineer IEG (1973) from INPG (Institut National Polytechnique in Grenoble). After 12 years within the Direction of Potash Mine from Elsass (maintenance manager Theodore Shaft, exploitation and maintenance manager Amélie Shaft, Engineering Director for Ungersheim Shaft and Taquarie Shaft in Brazil, finally Ungersheim Shaft’s Director), he was named general manager for ACRR (Ateliers de Construction et de Réparations de Richwiller): restructuration of the previous maintenance workshop of Potash Mine. Then C. Maquaire was appointed as one Director of the “Nouvelles Messageries de Presse Parisiennes” (1991 to 1996) to implement industrialization and new organization, before to be System’s Director of Telaflex Gallet (1996 to 1999). Then he joined Eurotunnel as Rolling stock manager. In 2006 he was appointed as maintenance division’s Director. In 2008 he was the Operation’s Director for reconstruction after the fire, where he overperformed the timing. Then he was appointed as Industrial Director at Maintenance Division in 2009 before being Industrial Councilor of the President in 2011. He is known as a Railway Maintenance Expert.
Collective Situation Awareness, an attempt for Risk management
Patrick Millot, PR, LAMIH-CNRS-University of Valenciennes, France,
Co-head of the joint research lab on Risk Management in Life Critical Systems between HCDi-FIT Melbourne and LAMIH-UVHC Valenciennes.
Abstract: Situation Awareness gives keys to allow breaking the dilemma of the human machine system designer between the two opposite human roles in systems: a negative role as they may make errors, a positive role in that they are able to detect and recover their own errors as well as process malfunctions. This lecture first recalls several strengths and weaknesses of the SA constructs: the usefulness of the concept, the clarity of Endley’s definition among several concurrent ones and the measurement methods associated to this definition. It then proposes organisational foundations for collective SA and tempts a relevant method for designing collective SA. To this last point, it proposes the framework of cooperation between agents, and its similitude with collective SA. It gives tracks for designing collective SA through the concept of Common Work Space, a construct shared with the cooperation framework. Examples from several application domains are given: Aviation, Air traffic Control, deployment of rescues in response to catastrophes. A particular attention will be given to the organization of professional firefighters in operations.
Patrick Millot received a PhD in Automatic Control (1979) and is “Docteur d’Etat es Sciences” (1987). He is full Professor at the University of Valenciennes (UVHC, France) since 1989. He conducts research on Automation Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, Supervisory Control, Human-Machine Systems, Human Reliability and Situation Awareness with applications to production, telecommunication and transport systems (Air Traffic Control, Car Traffic, Trains Metro…). His scientific production covers about 200 publications, collective books, conference proceedings. He has been research supervisor of 37 PhD students and 10 HDR since 1989, reviewer of 51 PhD Thesis and 11 HDR from other universities. He was successively head of the research group “Human Machine Systems” in LAMIH (1987-2004, 25 researchers), head of LAMIH (1996-2005, 222 researchers and engineers) and vice President of the University of Valenciennes (2005-2010) in charge of research. He was member of the scientific board / Manager of several regional research groups on Supervisory Control (GRAISYHM 1996-2002) and head of the ST2 program on Transport System Safety (2001-2006). He was also member of the French Council of the Universities (CNU 1996-2003), member of the scientific board of the French national research group in Automation Sciences supported by CNRS (1996-2001). He was partner of several European projects and networks and IPC member of several International Conferences and Journals, member since 2000 and Vice Chairman since 2009 to 2011 of the IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Technical Committee 4.5 Human-Machine Systems. He was visiting Professor at Human Centered Design institute (HCDi) headed by PR G. Boy at Florida Institute of Technology (FIT Melbourne FL) for one year (2011-2012). He is currently co-head with G. Boy of the joint research lab on Risk Management in Life Critical Systems between HCDi/FIT and LAMIH-TEMPO/UVHC funded by the French-American Partner University Fund (PUF) for 3 years (2012-2015).
Pilot Situation Awareness Training using Eye Tracking
Céline Muehlethaler, Senior Lecturer for Human Factors, Centre for Aviation, School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
Abstract: Numerous studies in high-risk work settings indicate that about 80% of all accident causes in aviation can be attributed to human factors (e.g., Helmreich, 2000; Reason, 1990; Flinn, 2008). Moreover Endsley (1999) point out that about 88% of all accident causes can be reduced to Situation Awareness (perception [76.3%], comprehension [20.3%], and anticipation [3.4%]). Thus an effective training concept is necessary to support pilots in achieving and maintaining appropriate scanning skills (perception). The following talk aims at demonstrating a new training design for general aviation pilots which involves theoretical information about scanning techniques/situation awareness and which is combined with either simulation exercises or in-flight exercises with flight instructors – both flown with eye tracking glasses, which provide adequate and detailed feedback about scanning behaviour of pilots. Besides theoretical training content, training development (including survey of general aviation pilot’s information about their scanning techniques) as well as training and scenario design will be introduced.
Céline Muehlethaler (Phd) is Senior Lecturer for Human Factors at the Centre for Aviation (School of Engineering at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences). She studied Work and Organizational Psychology and Business Administration at the University of Bern (Switzerland) and made her Phd on stress research (University of Bern). At the Centre for Aviation she trains Aviation Engineers, ATPL-Trainees as well as future Swiss Army pilots on human performance relevant topics. Besides lectures, she works on project with industry partners concerning the following themes: Non-technical skills training for air traffic controllers using radar simulations, scientific research on fatigue management in corporations with an airline, training development for a situation awareness training for private pilots with eye tracking glasses and makes scientific studies concerning other human factors such as automation in airline cockpits or accident analyses.
Individual and collective adaptation to situation emergency and complexity: a Human-Machine Cooperation approach
Marie Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine, Research Engineer, LAMIH, University of Valenciennes, France
Abstract: Major or local crises in complex and dynamic environment are high-risk situations and are more and more difficult to grasp and control. Their management is not yet efficient enough for allowing the socio technological systems to recover from natural or man-made disasters, and from new, unforeseen even inconceivable events. Methods, models and tools can support the crisis manager in gathering the necessary information, making decisions and reacting promptly and efficiently to such events. The lecture deals with a pluridisciplinary research and proposes a global methodological approach to respond to the difficulty to design such supports. A focus is made on Human-Human and Human-Machine Cooperation, and more specifically how technology can support cooperation at the organizational aspects for planning and task allocation, and at the tactical and operational levels for plan adaptation and implementation. Crisis management examples from civil and military domains are detailed.
Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine received a PhD in automatic control in 1998. She is Research Engineer at the University of Valenciennes (France) since 1999 in the Automatic Control and Human-Machine Systems research group of LAMIH. She is involved into two main research topics: definition and implementation of Human-Machine Cooperation principles and design and evaluation methods for Human-Machine Systems studies. Her research also deals with levels of automation, dynamic task allocation and common workspace from a multidisciplinary point of view in order to improve process safety and efficiency. She has designed methods and specific experimental tools to reach this goal to several application fields: Air Traffic Control, Car driving, Fighter aircraft and Robotics within French projects with DGAC (French Civil Aviation), IFSTTAR, car manufacturers PSA, Renault, DGA (French defence), Dassault Aviation and Thales. These experiments were conducted in virtual as well as real environments, with simulated or realistic systems. She is author of several papers in international journals and conferences. She is currently head of the French regional project ARCIR SUCRé dealing with a multi-agent cooperation between humans and robots in critical environment.
Eric Mareschi started a career of fire-fighter in Paris since 1996. He was successively lieutenant and chief of group in 1999, chief of column in 2005 in charge of several geographical or functional sectors of an accident, and of several fire-fighters and safety vehicles inside each sector. He became chief of site in 2012 and responsible of the management of several columns. In parallel to this evolution, he enriched his competences and became chief of the mobile intervention cell for chemical risks in 2001, education manager in 2004, chief of the mobile intervention cell for radiological risks in 2006 and responsible for prevention in French department. Since 2011, he is the direct assistant of the chief of the fourth territorial institute of the North department, gathering 236 communes for 587 460 inhabitants. In 2014, he managed 46 509 interventions performed by 477 professional fire-fighters and 1442 voluntary fire-fighters from 36 response centres.
Safety and security of modern railway systems
Walter Schön, PR, UTC, Technical University of Compiègne, France
Abstract: This lecture will begin by recalling some important aspects of dependability terminology (faults, error, failures…) with a particular focus on safety/security aspects. The differences and links between these two sides will be put in evidence especially concerning human faults, malevolent (e.g. intrusion in radio communication: security issue) or not (e.g. design bug or operating error : safety issue). This will be illustrated with examples from modern railway signaling and automation systems like the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) for mainline railway, or Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) for urban railway. As a conclusion the vital importance to keep railway systems safe (robust to failures and free of design bugs) but also secure (robust to hacking) will be pointed out.
Walter Schön is a graduate of the Ecole Normale Superieure (promotion 1979) Associate in Physics (1982) and Doctor in Physics (1988). From 1989 to 1998 he held various positions as head of studies and system dependability in the rail industry (Alstom and Siemens Mobility). Since June 1998 he is Professor at the “Université de Technologie de Compiègne” (UTC). Head of the axis "embedded systems" domain ASER (Automatic Embedded Systems Robotics) in the laboratory Heudiasyc UMR CNRS 7253, his research interests focus on the dependability of critical embedded systems taking into account the human factor and the uncertainties, especially for railway applications. He is also recognized by the Department of Transportation for his expertise in railway systems safety as part of the French notified body for railway certification Certifer.
3D Reality Computing and Information Architecture for Improved Risk Awareness in Space, Transportation and Energy
Lucas Stephane, PR at the Human Centered Design Institute, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne FL, USA, Michael J. Gunn, President of 3-Space Inc. Indialantic, FL, USA
Abstract: Emergent 3D technologies enable to bridge the gap between real and virtual worlds. While 2D video technologies provide various single visual perspectives to users (i.e. the perspective of each camera), 3D LiDAR technologies enable users to get interactive 360 degrees visualizations of high-fidelity captures of the real environment. Thus they enable to massively improve risk awareness in crisis response. LiDAR technologies generate point clouds that can be worked out both off-line and real-time. Depending on the use case, the environment can be captured with LiDAR at various ranges (e.g. 3000m, 150m, and down to 35 cm). Because of the very large size of the point clouds, distributed computing is suitable for sharing, storing, fusing, processing, retrieving and analyzing such data.
Lucas Stephane received a PhD in 2013 and is currently Assistant Professor since 2014 at FIT/HCDi (Florida Institute of Technology, Human Centered Design institute, Melbourne FL, USA). He is involved in the Cognitive Engineering of Crisis Management solutions, including nuclear power plant control rooms. His research more specifically focuses on the integration of Human-Centered Design methods with Information Technologies aiming to improve socio-technical systems' information gathering and sharing within organizations. Lucas Stephane owns a Master of Science in Experimental Psychology and an International Master of Science in Business Intelligence. He started working as an IT Manager/Analyst and Human Factors Engineer during the late 90s and was involved in the early Java-Corba environment. He continued as a Research Engineer at the European Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Engineering (EURISCO) in France, where he was involved in various projects related to aeronautics, automotive and telecom. Beyond several scientific papers, in 2006 his research in Cognitive Modelling and Eye Tracking was awarded two international patents. He was research Assistant at HCDi since 2010 to 2014.
Safety: automated protection or personal involvement? A glance from a personal experience
Armand Toubol, Honorary General Manager at SNCF, delegated for freight, France
Abstract : Safety in industrial operation is the result of a theoretical advanced analysis of process and of human behavior at the various work stations. The methodology to be applied in order to operate safely will be derived from examples issued from several types of activities: seafarers on the vessels, dockers on the quays and on the vessels, port workers, public work workers and railway men in the freight activity. For complex systems more elaborate methodology will be explained due to interactions between various processes taking place simultaneously. Then protection by ever more automated protection systems will be compared to approaches involving more the actor’s responsibility. Finally between safety involving procedures explained in numerous detailed notes and a permanent personal involvement of the actors some other solutions will be explained.
Armand Toubol is Engineer of Polytechnique X66 and of Ponts et Chaussees 71. From 1971 to 1975 High civil servant in charge of Urban planning and building permits in the Mine Region of Pas de Calais department, also in charge of Road building and maintenance. 1975 -1981 Equipment and development Director of Dunkirk Port Authority in charge of building and operating ore and containers gantry cranes. 1981-1984 Civil contractor in the General Water Company in charge of a division of public works for sewage, water conveyance works, concrete works in Nuclear Power Plants. 1984-1990 Head of French part of Sealink in SNCF Group, Head of CNC combined transport operator, 1990-2000 Freight Director of SNCF and SNCF executive board member until 2004), 2000-2004 CEO of SNCF Participations (holding of GEODIS, KEOLIS, ERMEWA,STVA..), 204-2009 SNCF Chairman advisor, CEO of CDG Express project (Roissy-Paris rail link). Retired as SNCF Honorary General Manager delegated for freight. Currently consultant for European projects and lecturer at University of Paris-Sorbonne for freight transport.
Human-centered automation of autonomy applied to system resilience
Frederic Vanderhaegen, PR, LAMIH-CNRS-University of Valenciennes, France,
Head of GDRi HAMASYTI, President of IFAC TC 4.5
Abstract: System resilience is usually defined as the capacity of the system to recover from instability. Instability can come from different sources and targets related to human factors, organizational factors, or technical factors, and affecting the knowledge, the availability or the prescription of the human-machine system. Whatever the causes or the impacts of any perturbation, a system remains resilient as long as no accident occurs. This paper focuses on two complementary autonomy-related concepts: 1) the “autonomation” concerns the automation of autonomy integrating the human cognitive touch, and 2) the “autonomisation” (or empowerment) aims at controlling the autonomy of a dependent system to transform it into an independent system. “Autonomation” relates to task sharing between a human operator and a machine whereas “autonomisation” involves interactions between humans. Such possible interactions between decision makers are detailed in order to describe non-autonomous, semi-autonomous or complete autonomous system or a group of systems in terms of Knowledge, Availability and Prescription (KAP). The KAP model is then described for representing the cooperation and learning activities that support the sharing of the system autonomy between humans and machines. This KAP model is applied for system resilience by taking into account weak signals that may affect the system stability and produce dissonances.
Frédéric Vanderhaegen received his PhD in 1993 and his Professorship Habilitation (HDR) in 2003 in “Industrial and Human Automation” at UVHC. From 1995 to 2005, his was researcher at the CNRS. Since 2005, his is full professor at UVHC. In 1994, he made a post-doctorate project at the Joint Research Center of Ispra in Italy with Prof. P.-C. Cacciabue. Since 2004, he is the head on the Human-Machine Systems (HMS) research team of the LAMIH. He is chairing several groups of research (CNRS International Research Network on HMS in Transportation and Industry; Technical Committee on HMS of IFAC; HORTENS pole (Human Factor, Cognitive Engineering and Social Science) of EURNEX (European Railway Research of Excellence); Research Group on Integrated Automation and HMS). He is the Editor-in-chief with O. Carsten from Leeds of the Cognition Technology & Work journal. He manages several national and international projects and he wrote a lot of articles into journals or conferences. He organized and/or was the program chair of several conferences (e.g., 11th and 12th international IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of HMS, Valenciennes, 2010 and Las Vegas, 2013 respectively). He is the director of a national project UTOP (Pluri-parners Open University of Technology) on Railway Engineering and Guided systems, financed by the French Initiative of Excellence on Innovative Training program. His lectures and courses are linked with Informatics and HMS and concern resilience, dissonance, human reliability, safety, diagnosis, learning and cooperation, applied to HMS.
Development of an Intelligent Clothing system for Risk Management - applications to fire fighting
Xianyi Zeng, PR, and Ludovic Koehl, PR, GEMTEX Laboratory, the ENSAIT Textile Institute, Roubaix, France
Abstract : Intelligent clothing systems refer more particularly to a new concept of clothing, which constitutes our second skin. It can continuously collect information on body parameters such as heart rate, temperature and respiration rate, and environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity and air pollution state through sensors disseminated in the clothing. In this lecture, we describe one fire fighter-oriented intelligent clothing system under development at GEMTEX Laboratory. The design of the garment allows to integrate different sensors into its two layers of fabrics without bringing about any feeling of discomfort and inconvenient. The main work includes: 1) design of internal knitted textile structure adapted to the morphology of the wearer and outside fabric structure adapted to the fire fighter’s activities; 2) introduction of conductive yarns into the knitted textile structure for connecting the sensors to the micro-controller; 3) formulation and realization of coating for protection and adhesion of the sensors on the knitted structure during washing and wearing; 4) integration of the sensors in the garment and tests of the related signals; 5) development of local decision support system by imbedding the mathematical models of fire fighter’s well-being and fire evolution into the micro-controller of the garment. This local decision system will permit to communicate with the general coordination centre and the other fire fighters in order to perform an online monitoring on fire situation.
Xianyi Zeng received the B.Eng. degree from the Department of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1986, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Lille in 1992. He is currently Full Professor at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles (ENSAIT), Roubaix, France. Since 2000, he leads the HCD research team (Human Centered Design) in ENSAIT. He has published two scientific books, more than 180 papers in international journals, and international conference proceedings. His research interests include: 1) intelligent decision support systems for fashion and material design and 2) modeling and analysis of human perception and cognition on industrial products and their integration into virtual products. Dr. Zeng is currently Associate Editor of International Journal of Computational Intelligence System and Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics, Guest Editor of Special Issues for five international journals. Since 2000, he has been the leader of two European projects, four national research projects funded by the French government, three bilateral research cooperation projects, and more than 20 industrial projects.
Ludovic Koehl is Full Professor and Deputy Director of Research of “Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles” ( ENSAIT) since September 2010. He received the M.Sc. degree from the French Engineering School, (ENSAIT), Roubaix, France, in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in automation from the University of Lille in 1998. In 2006, Ludovic Koehl got a Professorship Habilitation (HDR). Since 1999, he has been involved in several projects dealing with optimization of the quality and comfort of textiles by integrating physical measures and human knowledge in the field of technical textiles, quality of textiles as well as new usage and consumers' behavior studies for textile industry. He has published more than 50 papers. His research interests cover pattern recognition, data mining, and computer modeling and their applications in textile industry.
Guillaume Tartare got a Ph.D. degree in « automatic, computer science and signal and image processing » at LISIC (computer science laboratory) and INSERM (French institute of health and medical research) in 2014. In his thesis, he purposed a number of methods for detecting and classifying DCE MRI signals (Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging). He is a member of SFGBM (French society of medical science). Since December 2014, he is with the GEMTEX Laboratory of the ENSAIT Textile Institute. Now his research interests include physiological signal acquisition and processing, design of intelligent garments by integrating sensors and a decision support system.